Web3 is Going Just Great

This is the second Radiant Capital exploit this year, after a $4.5 million theft in January that was enabled by an unaddressed vulnerability in the underlying Compound Finance code.

Kwon urged the Cosmos governance team to perform a full audit of the code written by these developers, and develop more protocols to prevent issues like this going forward. He also called for the governance team to blacklist Zaki Manian.

The attacker stole around $1.1 million of the cartoon frog-themed PEPE tokens, and another roughly $50,000 of the also cartoon frog-themed APU token.

After the incident, some questioned why the tokens had been sent to an investor without a vesting contract, given they were supposed to be locked for a period of time to prevent sale.

The victim wallet sent a message to the thief, offering "a peaceful resolution to this situation" in which the thief could keep 20% of the total amount taken (around $6.5 million).

A security firm working with Bedrock had tried to warn Bedrock of the vulnerability several hours before the attack, but the team was asleep. The vulnerable contracts had been deployed a day and a half prior to the attack, and had not been audited.

Fortunately for Bedrock, security groups were able to pause third-party projects surrounding Bedrock, which helped to limit the losses — which ultimately could have been as high as the entire value of funds on the protocol.

Onyx apparently didn't learn their lesson the first time around, when they were exploited for $2 million in November 2023 by an attacker taking advantage of a known vulnerability affecting empty markets on the protocol. This same bug seems to have contributed to this exploit, although Onyx has claimed the hack was due to a separate vulnerability in an NFT liquidation contract.

Truflation is a blockchain-based project that provides economic data including inflation rates and asset valuations. The platform has been backed by Coinbase Ventures, Chainlink, and others.

This latest hack is only the latest in a slew of Twitter account compromises "announcing" a scam token. Over a year, OpenAI CTO Mira Murati had her account hacked to promote an "$OPENAI" token. Three months ago, accounts belonging to chief scientist Jakub Pachocki and researcher Jason Wei were hacked and used to post the same scam as today.

Shortly after the attack, Shezmu offered a 10% "bounty" for the return of the funds. The attacker responded that they would only consider a 20% bounty. Shezmu agreed to the terms, and announced to their followers that they had achieved a recovery from the "white hat" hacker.

Some accused the exchange of trying to cover up the theft by announcing "temporary wallet maintenance" without disclosing that a theft had occurred. The team later announced that "there has been minor asset loss", and stated that the lost funds would be restored out of the company's capital.

Around $10 million of the stolen assets were frozen during recovery efforts after the theft.

Websites for these exchanges now show notices announcing a law enforcement operation called "Operation Final Exchange". The page announces to visitors "This was your final exchange!", and in a letter addressed to "ransomware affiliates, botnet operators and darknet vendors", warns that authorities are now working to trace the illicit users of the exchange.

Banana Gun acknowledged the attack on Twitter and shut down the bot. They posted that they did not believe their backend was compromised, and stated that they believed the attack occurred via a "front-end vulnerability" — though it was not clear what this might have referred to.

The FBI raided a luxury home in Miami in connection to the theft, and arrested two men in their early twenties. Authorities worked with crypto investigators including zachxbt to trace the stolen funds.

The company and co-founders will pay fines, and the individuals will agree to five-year bans from serving as officers or directors.

The regional SEC director stated, "We will not be deterred by someone labeling a product as 'decentralized' and 'autonomous'," alluding to crypto firms' tendencies to try to skirt securities regulations by claiming to be "decentralized".

Rari has featured on Web3 is Going Just Great before, when they were exploited for around $80 million in April 2022 and when they were exploited for around $15 million in May 2021. The project effectively wound down soon after the second theft.

They later were able to deactivate the website and regain control of the domain. "Remember scammers are always chasing you," they wrote on Twitter.

DeltaPrime acknowledged the attack on Twitter, and announced that "the risk is contained". They also stated that they were "looking into other ways to reduce user losses to a minimum", including by pulling from the protocol's insurance pool.

Nguyen famously removed the game from app stores shortly after it surged to popularity, stating that he felt guilty that people were becoming addicted to the game. This makes the game's reappearance — complete with loot boxes and other addictive features — feel somewhat dark.

On September 15, Nguyen returned from a seven-year Twitter hiatus to post: "No, I have no related with their game. I did not sell anything. I also don't support crypto."

Although Nguyen held the Flappy Bird trademark, he did not sell it to this group. Instead, they registered the trademark themselves after arguing he had abandoned it.

"There is still time. You can still roll it back and pretend it never happened. Please. None of us want this crypto slop, this desperate cash grab, this attempt at 'creating something great,' this game where buzzwords seem more important than gameplay," wrote one player on the game's subreddit.

A tweet announcing the game was celebrated by some crypto advocates, but attracted some critical responses from players. One wrote, "releasing a blockchain game a year after the weird hype about that technology died so now you got a shitty concept and don't even get a pay-off for it. let's see how this is going to turn out :)"

Now, Flowcarbon has reportedly been issuing refunds after the tokens have failed to materialize more than two years later. Flowcarbon has reportedly been blaming "market conditions and resistance from carbon registries" for the failure to launch, according to a report from Forbes. Flowcarbon claimed they have been offering refunds "due to industry delays" since 2023.

The platform's smart contracts remain operational, however, and so despite the lack of a frontend website for the platform, the backend still remains. A trader was able to use these smart contracts to trigger a feature that allows a buyout of the fractional shard holders which, if not countered by someone else, automatically goes through in 14 days. The bidder proposed a purchase of 0.001 ETH per share, and without an operational Niftex frontend, no one noticed. The bid went through, and the trader successfully purchased all 10,000 shares — and thus, the NFT — for 10 ETH.

Since then, several people have offered to purchase the NFT for amounts ranging from 100 to 605 ETH. If the new owner were to accept the 605 ETH bid, they would 60x their purchase price.

One owner of a fractionalized share said he thought he had managed to successfully block the sale, but miscalculated. "GG to the new owner", he wrote. He wrote on Twitter, "I don’t consider this a heist. It’s an arb. The smart contract worked as intended. If you want decentralized systems you have to take the good with the bad. It’s part of the game. It’s why we’re here. If you don’t like those rules, you probably shouldn’t be playing."

Indodax's Instagram account also appeared to be compromised, promoting a suspicious "giveaway".

Terms of the settlement include 100% repayment of investments made by victims in the five states that settled: Texas, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, and Georgia.

GS Partners has also faced regulatory scrutiny in other US states, as well as in Canada, Australia, and South Africa.

This $10 million was later sent to a German non-profit foundation called the Wau Holland Foundation, which has also been fundraising and managing funds relating to Assange's legal defense. However, this transfer raised serious concerns among some members of the DAO who say they've effectively been cut out of decisionmaking, that the funds were transferred without their approval, and allege the treasury was mismanaged and crashed in value as a result.

Hacktivist, bitcoin core developer, and AssangeDAO organizer Amir Taaki accused fellow AssangeDAO organizer: "Harry Halpin you should be honest and direct with the people here. You believe the money should be kept in a foundation controlled by your people with Julian. You do not respect the community or believe in the DAO."

The project spiked in popularity when it launched in August 2023, but interest rapidly dwindled. A token launched in May 2024 also suffered a mostly downward trajectory. On September 7, the team reassigned ownership and admin rights to the smart contracts to the burn address, making them permanently inaccessible.

Some denounced the project as a Ponzi scheme (repeating accusations it has received since its inception, based on its incentive structure). Others accused the development team of rug pulling and not delivering on their promises — accusations that intensified as one co-founder deleted his Twitter account and the other set his to private. The team is estimated to have made around $44 to $60 million in fees.

He went on to state that the "vast majority" of the stolen assets were his personal funds. He also alleged that "There is some evidence to suggest that someone in the Ventures syndicate is either part of the group, or passing information onto them."

The amount of funds stolen was not disclosed. Drakon resigned as CEO, and said that he had forfeited his interest in Revolo Intel "to facilitate the return of some money back to members as quickly as possible". He wrote: "To be clear, I have zero financial interest in Revelo moving forward."

He also stated that he would be "stepping away from 'public life' in this space", and warned others: "If you are someone who is known to control large sums of money, you are a target and it is not difficult at all to get to you."

In addition to the fine, terms of the settlement require the platform to allow its customers to withdraw their crypto assets, and to update disclosures regarding asset custody.

The California DOJ also accused the platform of misleading its customers by claiming that the app "advertis[ed] it would connect to multiple trading venues, to ensure customers receive the most competitive prices between the venues, which was not always true". They also say that Robinhood lied about always holding all customer crypto assets purchased through the platform, when in reality, "there were instances in which it arranged for trading venues to hold customer assets for extended periods".

The posts were deleted and accounts were locked down very quickly by Twitter, but not before approximately 2,000 people bought around $1.8 million of the fake token.

The team behind Pendle (the platform on which Pendie is built) detected the attack and paused Pendle an hour after the attack began, which they claim prevented another $105 million from being stolen.

Members of the Penpie team filed complaints with Singaporean police and the US FBI. They also attempted to negotiate a "bug bounty" via on-chain and social media messages to the attacker, but the hacker seems uninterested and has continued to transfer funds between various crypto wallets and launder funds through Tornado Cash.

The SEC also charged that Galois Capital had misled some investors into believing they needed five business days of notice to redeem assets, while other investors were allowed to redeem assets more quickly.

Galois agreed to a settlement with the SEC in which they will pay a $225,000 penalty, which will go to investors who lost money.

An exploiter was able to take advantage of an arbitrary call error that allowed them to steal funds from these various contracts, amounting to around $56,000. Various people associated with Aave emphasized that there was no risk to user funds or flaw in the core Aave protocol, and one described the hack as "raiding the tip jar".

Finzer promised that the company would vigorously fight any impending lawsuit.

The lawsuit echoes previous enforcement actions by the SEC, such as a September 2023 settlement with the celebrity-backed Stoner Cats project, in which the SEC suggested that it may broadly view NFTs as securities if investors "reasonably expect to profit" from the continued efforts of those who release the NFTs.

Bitcoin mining has been an extremely challenging business in recent times, partly due to volatile crypto prices over the last few years, and due to diminishing miner rewards following the April halving event.

Rhodium Enterprises had been showing signs of trouble, including failing to make scheduled loan payments earlier this month. In December 2023, a dispute between them and a subsidiary of the Riot Platforms bitcoin mining group culminated in armed security removing Rhodium employees from a bitcoin mining facility in Rockdale, Texas, where Rhodium was leasing bitcoin miners. The case was later sent to arbitration.

However, $53.9 million of investor funds were used to pay other investors, in classic Ponzi fashion. The brothers also used investor funds to build houses for themselves and their family, purchase vehicles and designer goods, and make payments on a $30 million condo in Miami for Tanner.

One of the brothers, Jonathan, had in 2004 been convicted on felony securities law violations that resulted in a four-year jail sentence and more than $300,000 in restitution.

Abra settled the charges from the SEC by agreeing to an obey-the-law injunction, and agreeing to pay as-yet-undetermined civil penalties.

In January 2024, Abra settled claims from the Texas State Securities Board by agreeing to refund customers. As a part of the complaint, the TSSB had alleged that Abra was "insolvent or nearly insolvent", and had been making misleading statements. In June 2024, Abra settled with 25 state regulatory agencies, agreeing to refund up to $82.1 million to its US customers. Abra had begun winding down operations in the United States in mid-2023, after facing multiple state regulatory actions.

One member of the Discord described losing more than $140,000 in tokens after clicking a link shared by a person appearing to be a member of the Polygon team, which advertised a token distribution to serve as a "pre-migration celebration".

They then boasted about their haul on the compromised Instagram account, changing the bio to say: "Sorry mah nigga you have just been rug pulled by India_X_Kr3w thank you for the $700,000 in Solana 🇮🇳".

The token stunt by the massive company was perhaps made more believable by McDonald's previous forays into crypto, including when they launched a McRib-themed NFT project in December 2021. The company had also joked about a "Grimacecoin" back in January 2022, in a reply to a tweet from Elon Musk.

The attacker later moved the stablecoins to a new wallet, and exchanged about half of them for 10,625 ETH.

Between May and July of 2023, Hanes transferred $47.1 million of the bank's funds to the fraudulent scheme. This ultimately led to the bank collapsing, with equity investors losing $9 million and the FDIC footing the bill. "There were people who lost 70, 80% of their retirement" as a result of their investment losses, stated a community member.

Hanes had also taken money from a local church, an investment club, and his daughter's college savings. These funds were reportedly used to buy cryptocurrency after those running the scheme told him they needed more money to "unlock" the returns on his investments — a common tactic with these scams.

Ziemian was wanted on international warrants from Poland and South Korea. FutureNet, which was established in 2018 and purported to be a crypto trading platform, is alleged to have defrauded numerous people of a combined $21 million. Victims were encouraged to buy "participation packages", and earn rewards for referring others to the scheme. Polish authorities warned that FutureNet might be a pyramid scheme in 2019, and South Korea began an investigation into the company in 2020.

Ziemian faces fraud, money laundering, and theft charges, which could be punished by life imprisonment in South Korea.

Now, Austin "DNP3" Taylor has pleaded guilty to wire fraud after stealing around $1.14 million in investor funds from his CluCoin project, which had claimed it would "help others in need". DNP3 himself had built up a reputation of making generous gifts while livestreaming. He transferred the stolen funds to online casinos, where he then gambled them away.

Taylor faces up to 20 years in prison. The statement from the U.S. Attorney's Office announced that authorities would be notifying identified victims via NFT, and encouraging them to submit statements to the FBI.

Scammers impersonating crypto company support representatives are everywhere on social media and elsewhere. Now, it seems, they are purchasing Google ads to rise to the top of Google search rankings. While Google says they attempt to remove fraudulent advertisers, some slip through the cracks.

While phishing attacks like this are prevalent both in crypto and in tradfi, crypto platforms often do not have similar safeguards as major banking platforms to try to thwart unauthorized transactions, nor do they have the same ability to reverse transactions that are made.

The SEC's lawsuit also targets six other promoters of the NovaTech scheme, all of whom the agency says used "religious overtones" when attracting new investors. Ultimately, the scheme was revealed to be a Ponzi scheme, with new investors' money being used to pay out previous investors, as the promoters also took money for themselves.

Defendants Sam Bankman-Fried, Caroline Ellison, and Gary Wang, as well as the FTX and Alameda Research companies, will be prohibited from commodities trading, including trading bitcoin, ether, USDT, or other assets considered "digital asset commodities" by the CFTC. However, with Bankman-Fried already beginning a 25-year prison sentence, and Ellison and Wang due to be sentenced, this may be low on their list of worries.

zachxbt traced the payment addresses for roughly 21 developers involved in this kind of activity, which he found had been working for at least 25 different cryptocurrency projects. They had earned around $375,000 over the past month.

Ripple and others in the crypto world have been celebrating the judgment as a victory, in part because it is a substantially smaller penalty than the $1 billion in disgorgement and $900 million in penalties sought by the agency.

The SEC has already signaled throughout the case that they were likely to appeal an eventual outcome, after objecting to the judge's decision that several other types of token sales were not unlawful securities offerings.

People were quick to blame those behind the project, primarily "Pharma Bro" Martin Shkreli (who has been accused of dumping his own token before). Shkreli was quick to shift the blame to Donald Trump's youngest son, Barron, who he has also claimed is behind the token (although this has not been independently confirmed). However, the owner of the wallet that dumped its tokens is not definitively known.

Fortunately for the Ronin team, it seems that most of the losses actually went to whitehats and MEV bots that were frontrunning transactions by would-be exploiters. ETH and USDC priced at around $12 million were taken — the maximum amount before triggering a safety feature in the code. Later that day, Ronin announced that the ETH (worth around $10 million) had been returned, and that the USDC was in the process of being returned. They also announced that they would reward the whitehats with a $500,000 bug bounty reward.

The Ronin bridge was taken offline shortly after the flaw was detected, and the team announced it would undergo an audit before being brought back online.